A recent study conducted by researchers at Cima University of Navarra in Spain has found that the inhalation of menthol can enhance cognitive ability in animal models. The study revealed that repeated short exposures to menthol can help regulate the immune system and prevent cognitive decline, a common symptom of the neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer’s.

The researchers also discovered that the scent of menthol can reduce the levels of interleukin-1-beta (IL-1b), a vital protein that mediates the inflammatory response. Additionally, by using a drug approved for the treatment of autoimmune diseases to inhibit this protein, the researchers were able to improve cognitive ability in the mice with the disease.

Brain, smell, and immune system connection

The proper functioning of the brain relies on intricate interactions among different types of nerve cells, immune cells, and neural stem cells. Researchers have conducted several studies examining the immunomodulatory and neurological effects of odorants within this complex network of interactions. Additionally, previous research has found a link between the loss of the sense of smell and the onset of Alzheimer’s disease symptoms.

Dr. Juan José Lasarte, director of the Immunology and Immunotherapy Program at Cima and lead author of the study, has focused on the role of the olfactory system in the immune and central nervous systems. After conducting animal models, Dr. Lasarte discovered that menthol is an immunostimulatory odor. Interestingly, short-term exposure to this substance for six months prevented cognitive decline in mice with Alzheimer’s disease and also improved cognitive function in healthy young mice.

“This study is an important step toward understanding the connection between the immune system, the central nervous system and smell, as the results suggest that odors and immune modulators may play an important role in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s.” and other diseases related to the central nervous system,” points out Dr. Noelia Casares, also a researcher at the Immunology and Immunotherapy Program and first author of the article.

Where does menthol come from and how does it create that cooling feeling on our body?

Menthol is a naturally occurring organic compound that is extracted from mint plants, such as peppermint and spearmint. It is a white or colorless crystalline substance with a minty taste and smell.

Closeup photo of Mint plant leaves cluster

Menthol is a naturally occurring compound that is extracted from mint plants, such as peppermint and spearmint, and is commonly used in many products for its cooling and soothing effects. It is found in various plants, including peppermint, eucalyptus, and pennyroyal. When applied to the skin or inhaled, it activates specific receptors in the body that sense cold temperatures. These receptors, known as TRPM8, are found on sensory nerve endings in the skin, mouth, nose, and throat. When menthol binds to these receptors, it causes a sensation of cold and can temporarily relieve pain and irritation.

In addition to its cooling effect, menthol also has anti-inflammatory properties. It can help to reduce pain and swelling, making it useful for treating conditions such as sore muscles, arthritis, and headaches. Menthol is often used in topical creams and ointments to provide relief for these types of conditions.

Menthol has been used for centuries for its medicinal properties. It has been used to treat various ailments, including respiratory infections, digestive issues, and skin conditions. It is also commonly used as a flavoring agent in food and beverages.

Image Credits

In-Article Image Credits

Mint plant leaf - Mentha piperita via Patrick Alexander with usage type - Creative Commons License. July 8, 2012
Closeup photo of Mint plant leaves cluster via Kham Tran with usage type - GNU Free. November 10, 2007