Rattan palm – use for food, water, and tool construction

Rattan palm leaves

The rattan palm is a strong, vine-like, robust climbing plant that differs from other palms in having tough, thin stems and a climbing behavior. It has prickly hooks or whitish spines on the mid-rib of its leaves that it uses to remain attached to the trees on which it grows.

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Pine trees – pine provides a bounty of uses in survival situations.

Pinus balfouriana subsp. balfouriana pine tree

Pine trees are easily recognized by their needle-like leaves grouped in bundles. Each bundle may contain one to five needles, the number varying among species. They are a resinous tree growing up to 250 feet tall. The tree’s odor and sticky sap provide a simple way to distinguish pines from similar looking trees with needle-like…

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