Wagler’s pit viper or temple viperTrimeresurus wagleri Description: Green with white crossbands edged with blue or purple. It has two dorsal lines on both sides of its head. Characteristics: It is also known as the temple viper because certain religious cults have placed venomous snakes in their temples. Bites are not uncommon; fortunately, fatalities are…
Saw Scaled Viper snake – how to identify, avoid their habitat, and treatment for their bite.
Saw-scaled viperEchis carinatus Description: Color is light buff with shades of brown, dull red, or gray. Its sides have a white or light-colored pattern. Its head usually has two dark stripes that start behind the eye and extend to the rear. Characteristics: A small but extremely dangerous viper. It gets the name saw-scaled from rubbing…
Sand Viper snake – how to identify, avoid their habitat, and treatment for their bite.
Sand viperCerastes vipera Description: Usually uniformly very pallid, with three rows of darker brown spots. Characteristics: A very small desert dweller that can bury itself in the sand during the day’s heat. It is nocturnal, coming out at night to feed on lizards and small desert rodents. It has a short temper and will strike…
Russell’s Viper snake – how to identify, avoid their habitat, and treatment for their bite.
Russell’s viperVipera russellii Description: Light brown body with three rows of dark brown or black splotches bordered with white or yellow extending its entire length. Characteristics: This dangerous species is abundant over its entire range. It is responsible for more human fatalities than any other venomous snake. It is irritable. When threatened, it coils tightly,…
Rhinoceros Viper or River Jack Snake – how to identify, avoid their habitat, and treatment for their bite.
Rhinoceros viper or river jackBitis nasicornis Description: Brightly colored with purplish to reddish-brown markings and black and light olive markings along the back. On its head it has a triangular marking that starts at the tip of the nose. It has a pair of long horns (scales) on the tip of its nose. Characteristics: Its…
Puff adder snake – how to identify, avoid their habitat, and treatment for their bite.
Puff adderBitis arietans Description: Yellowish, light brown, or orange with chevron-shaped dark brown or black bars. Characteristics: The puff adder is the second largest of the dangerous vipers. It is one of the most common snakes in Africa. It is largely nocturnal, hunting at night and seeking shelter during the day’s heat. It is not…
How to survive man-made hazards – surviving nuclear, biological, and chemical attacks.
You must use special precautions if you expect to survive in these man-made hazards. If you are subjected to any of the effects of nuclear, chemical, or biological warfare, the survival procedures recommended here may save your life. Awareness of the hazards and application of common sense can keep you alive.
Camouflage – how to hide shape, color, noise, smell, and movement when stalking and anti-tracking
In a survival situation, especially in a hostile environment, you may find it necessary to camouflage yourself, your equipment, and your movement. Effective camouflage may mean the difference between survival and capture by the enemy. Camouflage and movement techniques, such as stalking, will also help you obtain game for food.
Surviving in hostile areas – how to evade, hide, and avoid capture by the enemy.
You must assume that if trapped in a hostile area, you may not experience quick recovery by friendly elements. You may have to move for extended times and distances to places less threatening to the recovery forces. Anyone facing a potential cutoff from friendly forces should be familiar with all the possible types of recovery,…
Survival Planning – an introduction to surviving in the wild
A survival plan is critical to your ability to survive. There are three components to a survival plan – planning, preparation, and practice. Planning is nothing more than understanding that a situation could arise that would require survival techniques in order to live and with that in mind, taking the necessary steps to increase your…








